What is an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm?
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a weakened and enlarged section of the abdominal aorta, the main blood vessel supplying blood to the lower body. If left untreated, an AAA can grow and eventually rupture, leading to life-threatening internal bleeding.
Causes of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
AAAs develop due to factors that weaken the arterial walls over time. Common causes include:
- Atherosclerosis (plaque buildup in the arteries)
- High blood pressure
- Smoking, which damages blood vessels
- Genetic predisposition
- Connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome
- Infection or trauma affecting the aorta
What are the Symptoms of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms?
Most AAAs do not cause symptoms until they become large or rupture. When symptoms occur, they may include:
- A pulsating feeling in the abdomen
- Deep, persistent abdominal or lower back pain
- Sudden, severe pain with dizziness or fainting (a sign of rupture)
How is an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Diagnosed?
AAAs are often detected during routine medical exams or imaging tests for other conditions. Diagnosis typically involves:
- Ultrasound: The most common and non-invasive method for initial detection.
- CT Scan: Provides detailed images to assess the aneurysm's size and risk.
- MRI: Occasionally used for further evaluation of blood flow and artery structure.
What are the Treatment Options for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms?
Treatment depends on the size and growth of the aneurysm:
Small AAAs: Regular monitoring with lifestyle modifications.
Large or Rapidly Growing AAAs: Surgical intervention, such as:
- Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR): A minimally invasive procedure.
- Open Surgical Repair: A more invasive option for severe cases.
